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The defeat of the Russian Empire in World War I led to the seizure of power by the Communists and the formation of the USSR. The brutal rule of Josef STALIN (1924-53) strengthened Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into 15 independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. A determined guerrilla conflict still plagues Russia in Chechnya.
Country name: conventional long form: Russian Federation
conventional short form: Russia
local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
former: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
local short form: Rossiya
Capital: Moscow
Languages: Russian, other
Religions: Russian Orthodox, Muslim, other
A Guide To Russia Plus Travel Consulting
A guide to Russia for independent travelers and travel services providers. What is Russia, practicalities, transportation, russian visa, destinations, apartment rent, airline tickets, train tickets, russian visa, transfers and taxi, tours.
The Russia Journal Daily
Russian new round the clock, updated daily, covering latest news in Russian and in the world, economy, defence, environment, features editorial, opinion, hot topics.
Map of Russia
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