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Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic and Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were rarely united as a single nation. The area was conquered by Russia in the 18th century and Kazakhstan became a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s agricultural "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet citizens were encouraged to help cultivate Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This influx of immigrants (mostly Russians, but also some other deported nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture and enabled non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence has caused many of these newcomers to emigrate. Current issues include: developing a cohesive national identity; expanding the development of the country's vast energy resources and exporting them to world markets; achieving a sustainable economic growth outside the oil, gas, and mining sectors; and strengthening relations with neighboring states and other foreign powers.
Country name: conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan
conventional short form: Kazakhstan
local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy
former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Capital: Astana; note - the government moved from Almaty to Astana in December 1998
Languages: Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in everyday business, designated the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.)
Religions: Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
Kazakhstan Information
General information on the country of Kazakhstan, Kazakh population around the world, The religions of Kazakhstan, government, constitution, a brief look at the economic situation, Kazakstan's environment and geography, culture, crafts and lots more.
Kazakhstan News
Kazakhstan and world news, technology, internet, environment, business, science.
Map of Kazakhstan
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